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VITILIGO

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What is Vitligo?

Vitiligo is a condition that is characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment. It happens when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin are destroyed or stop functioning.

What are the Causes of Vitligo?

Multiple causes of vitiligo are described below:

  • Autoimmune disorder: The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the melanocytes causing vitiligo
  • Genetics: Family history can be also one of the reasons for getting vitiligo.
  • Triggering Events: Not extensively but factors such as sunburn, stress or exposure to industrial chemicals can trigger the condition 
  • Neurogenic Factors: Any dealings between the nerve cells and melanocytes can cause vitiligo.
  • Oxidative stress: when an imbalance happens between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, then vitiligo can occur. 

What are the Symptoms of Vitiligo?

To treat vitiligo in its early phases it is essential to identify it through its symptoms, which are mentioned below:

  • Depigmented Patches: White patches can be seen on the skin, commonly on the hands, face, and around body orifices
  • Premature Graying: Hair on the scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, or beard may turn gray prematurely.
  • Mucous Membranes: Loss of color in the tissue inside the mouth and nose
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After

What are the types of Vitiligo?

Common types of vitiligo are:

  • Generalized Vitiligo: this is the most common type with widespread loss of skin color in various parts of the body. 
  • Segmental Vitiligo: This is limited to one side or part of the body, This often appears at a young age for a few years before stopping. 
  • Focal Vitiligo: Limited to one or few areas of the body
  • Trichrome Vitiligo: In this, the affected area shows three colors, the original skin color, a lighter color, and white.
  • Universal Vitiligo: Loss of skin color over most of the body.

Treatments Available for Vitiligo

Although there is no such treatment for vitiligo for now,  there are some treatments that can help restore skin color or even out skin tone:

  1. Topical Corticosteroids
  2. Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors
  3. Phototherapy
  4. Depigmentation
  5. Surgery
  6. Camouflage Therapy

Vitiligo is a complex condition with varying presentations and impacts, but with proper management, individuals can lead healthy and fulfilling lives.

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